The core principles of international humanitarian law stand on the precipice of extinction as the international community flounders in the face of excruciatingly acute conflicts and horrifying mass humanitarian crises. The International Criminal Court (ICC) faces an existential threat, and very real pervasive challenges stemming from its lack of universality, and open attack from powerful non-States Parties including the US, Russia and Israel. Meanwhile, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is increasingly asked to examine the conformity of state conduct in war with international obligations, including the Genocide Convention.