Conflicts must end. Countries emerging from conflict must grapple with transitions of power, reconciliation processes, establishing the rule of law, building resilient governance structures, and transitional justice. What does it take to hold together fragile peace and avoid repeated relapses into conflict so painfully experienced by those caught in the cross-fire in Sudan, Gaza, Myanmar, the Sahel…? What can we learn from the experiences of South Africa, Ireland, Colombia, Iraq, Rwanda? Is the quest for accountability inherently helpful? Our expert panellists will examine the challenges and trade-offs of mediation, post-war retribution, reconciliation, contingent peace, and the role of the private sector. We will hear insights from the Leiden project on jus post bellum, and invite reflections on the first few months since the collapse of the Assad dynasty.