With the increased demand for minerals globally to supply the raw materials for technologies needed to address Climate Change, mining companies increasingly are being proactive on the issues of biodiversity, conservation and sustainability captured in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, the Convention for Biological Diversity’s 2020 Strategic Plan and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework discussed at the United Nation’s 2022 Biodiversity Conference in Montreal.  Differing types of mining across diverse ecological regions present a wide array of biodiversity and conservation challenges that tend to be sui generis, but the immutable fact is that the challenges cannot be ignored and must be addressed proactively, creatively and cooperatively, including through emerging net-positive policies and long-term planning for improved outcomes.  The challenges, which must be analyzed and understood on more than an individual footprint basis and in relative terms to other threats, often may employ established concepts of mitigation and offset commitments.  Mine reclamation (both contemporaneous and post-mining) and ultimate closure, meanwhile are best managed and planned based not only upon legal requirements, but also upon local engagement and science inputs to achieve self-sustaining ecosystems appropriate for the life zones impacted by mining operations.  This panel will explore emerging solutions to successfully overcome the challenges.