Cartel-busting, long the mainstay of antitrust enforcement, faces existential challenges in many jurisdictions. Leniency pipelines are no longer producing a steady flow of cases, but are slowing to a trickle, as booming private litigation and the rise of class actions in a number of countries make whistleblowing ever less attractive to cartellists.  Electronic communications result in what is at times an overwhelming volume of material to be sifted by all those involved. And artificial intelligence is spawning a wealth of new ways in which markets can be fixed, many of which are hard to detect, and some of which may be beyond the reach of existing laws. As legislators and agencies are reconsidering their amnesty/immunity regimes, the focus in enforcing cartel laws is moving beyond traditional sell-side cartel behaviour into labor and other “purchasing” markets. What is happening to international cartels and globally coordinated enforcement action in the meantime? This session will explore how enforcers, private practice and business around the globe are responding to these and other trends in cartel enforcement.