The proposed Digital Networks Act (DNA) represents a significant step in the evolution of the European electronic communications law, replacing the existing directive-based framework with a directly applicable regulation. By centralising competences in areas such as market entry authorisation, spectrum management and enforcement, the DNA recalibrates the balance of powers between the EU and national authorities, with far-reaching implications in terms of state autonomy and market integration.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
Over the past three years, the European debate on digital networks has been largely dominated by the discussion on the level playing field, namely how to balance relationships and interests between connectivity operators and large over-the-top (OTT) platforms within the digital ecosystem. In this contribution, I will try to show how, behind the apparent technical neutrality of the EU Digital Networks Act proposal, lies a redefinition of the regulatory vocabulary on interconnection, net neutrality and the role of over the top infrastructures, which may profoundly affect future relationships between telcos and OTTs even in the absence of a true ‘fair share’ regime.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
On 21 January 2026, the European Commission published the long-awaited proposal for a Digital Network Act (DNA). This article explores the prospects of the DNA’s implementation, the surrounding debates by EU Member States regarding its effectiveness and how much of a change it really is from the previous Directive.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
This article explores the carefully reasoned decision in Commission for Communications Regulation v Sky Ireland Ltd, on whether contracts described as being of ‘indeterminate duration’, but containing a fixed minimum commitment period, fall within the scope of an EU Directive. This judgement sets out important clarifications on regarding contract law not only in Ireland, but addresses a structural feature common across EU telecommunications markets and grapples with the balance between formal contractual characterisation and the functional reality of consumer lock-in.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
France is experiencing a sustained and increasing involvement of its national authorities in the regulation of cloud services and generative artificial intelligence (AI). Through the combined efforts of the Government, the French Competition Authority (Autorité de la concurrence) (FCA) and the telecoms regulator (ARCEP) – and in anticipation of recent European instruments (the Data Act, the Digital Markets Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act) – a hybrid framework is emerging. This model, which integrates competition law and sector-specific regulation, may serve as a blueprint for other jurisdictions.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
This article examines Article 323-3-2 of the French Criminal Code, which criminalises certain conduct by online platform providers. Recent amendments have increased penalties and extended the provision’s scope, prompting high-profile criminal investigations. This analysis explores potential legal challenges based on incompatibility with EU provisions and definitional uncertainties.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
This article examines Colombia’s Law 2489 of 2025 and its draft implementing decree, which establish a regulatory framework for the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments, and identifies key legal questions arising from their implementation.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
Brazil’s Federal Government has submitted Bill No 4,675/2025 to the Brazilian Congress, proposing to grant the Brazilian antitrust authority (CADE) ex ante regulatory powers over digital markets, including the designation of systemically relevant platforms and imposition of special obligations, aligning Brazil with the global trend toward platform regulation.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
This article examines India’s 2025 SIM-binding directions and explains how continuous SIM-linked identity verification aims to curb telecom-enabled cyber fraud, while also raising important technical, operational and privacy considerations.
Released on Mar 26, 2026
Romania’s foreign direct investment (FDI) screening regime has been further refined through Emergency Government Ordinance No 17/2026, introducing measures aimed at enhancing legal clarity, strengthening national security safeguards and aligning the national framework with the EU cooperation mechanism established under Regulation (EU) 2019/452. The amendments expand the scope of review to include asset acquisitions in sensitive sectors, increase the notification threshold and introduce procedural simplifications such as shorter review timelines and full digitalisation of the filing process. By clarifying the interaction between FDI screening and merger control, and introducing targeted exemptions for certain intra-group restructurings, the revised framework seeks to reduce administrative burden while improving predictability for investors and authorities alike.
Released on Mar 20, 2026
For many firms, directories remain one of the most resource-intensive marketing exercises they undertake, yet also one of the least strategically considered. When approached differently, the process can generate significant return on investment across business development, client relationships, competitive intelligence and talent strategy. The key is to start viewing directories as a year-round strategic process.
Released on Mar 19, 2026
VK Rajah SC gave a thought-provoking speech advocating for accountability in arbitration at the IBA Arb40 Symposium 2026 in Abu Dhabi.
Released on Mar 19, 2026
Arbitration Committee member Angel Ganev discusses his professional background, trends in arbitration including Bulgaria’s Arbitration Act, and the benefits of Arbitration Committee membership
Released on Mar 19, 2026
On 1 August 2025 the Law on Amendments and Supplements to the International Commercial Arbitration Act (LASICAA) was published in the State Gazette, No 63. This legislation rebranded the previously existing International Commercial Arbitration Act to the more comprehensive Arbitration Act (AA) and introduced number of substantial changes.
Released on Mar 19, 2026
This article examines the M&A technology landscape in Turkey, analysing record transaction volumes in 2025, the regulatory framework governing merger control and sector-specific approvals, and critical due diligence considerations. It provides a practical guide for domestic and cross-border transactions in the Turkish technology, media and telecommunication sector.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
Venezuela is entering an extraordinary, tightly managed second opening. President Nicolás Maduro’s capture and imprisonment in the United States on 3 January 2026, and the swift transfer of power to interim president Delcy Rodríguez, have created a transition in which politics, law and investment are all being reshaped under explicit US supervision.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
Earn-outs and deferred consideration are widely used mechanisms to bridge valuation gaps in M&A transactions, but they often give rise to disputes if not carefully structured. This article examines the practical, legal and behavioural risks associated with earn-outs; it also explains how precise drafting and balanced incentives can help align buyer and seller expectations post-closing.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on M&A transactions across the full deal cycle, identifying the principal opportunities – including enhanced due diligence, accelerated document drafting and improved deal analytics – alongside the material risks arising from its adoption, notably accuracy concerns, professional de-skilling and the homogenisation of market behaviour. It further considers emerging market practices and governance frameworks being developed to ensure the responsible integration of AI into legal practice.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
In December 2025, the Swiss Parliament adopted the Federal Act on the Screening of Foreign Investments (ISA), introducing a targeted approval requirement for certain acquisitions by foreign state-controlled investors in sensitive sectors. While deliberately narrow in scope, the ISA adds a distinct regulatory consideration for cross-border M&A transactions involving Swiss targets.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
The Supreme Court of India’s (Supreme Court) judgment in Tiger Global marks a significant development in the taxation of cross-border private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) exits. Traditionally, PE and VC investors structured India-bound investments through intermediary holding companies set up in tax-friendly jurisdictions. These structures were widely accepted under earlier jurisprudence and provided meaningful certainty for international tax planning. Tiger Global departs from this tradition in important respects.
Released on Mar 13, 2026
Romania’s FDI screening regime has evolved from a narrow national security safeguard into a central strategic consideration in transaction planning, due to its broad scope, low thresholds and assertive enforcement. With applicability extending to EU and domestic investors, and significant sanctions for non-compliance, FDI analysis has become a critical component of deal structuring and risk management.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
The right to withdraw (exit) from a Ukrainian LLC is a nuanced legal instrument that simultaneously safeguards minority participants (shareholders) and preserves business continuity. This article offers a practical overview of the statutory thresholds governing withdrawal from an LLC, the procedural mechanics of an exit, available solutions for resolving 50:50 deadlocks, and the principles applicable to determining the fair market value of a participant’s share.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
Investors in M&A transactions in Indonesia should be mindful of key considerations that require close monitoring. In practice, M&A deals are risky due to regulatory and compliance requirements, particularly when they affect the licensing, reporting, corporate governance and control structure of target companies. This article aims to assist business actors in identifying the key risks in M&A transactions and understanding the practical implications across the transaction lifecycle.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
This article examines the evolving role of the corporate veil in Mexican law, arguing that while limited liability remains the rule, its protection increasingly depends on sustained operational coherence rather than formal compliance alone. It contends that effective corporate shielding is built through institutional discipline and genuine business practices over time.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
In an increasingly multipolar and strategically fragmented global economy, cross-border joint ventures have reemerged as a primary vehicle for international expansion. Far from being second-best alternatives to acquisitions, they operate as deliberate structures for managing geopolitical risk, regulatory divergence and regional economic realignment.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
This article outlines five peculiarities of Hungary’s widely discussed FDI screening regimes as experienced in Hungarian M&A practice.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
Tension between CFIUS and HIPAA compliance requirements may present an obstacle for healthcare M&A. Specifically, requirements concerning sensitive health data under each regulatory framework are incompatible in practice, thereby heightening compliance risks for private equity-backed healthcare deals.
Released on Mar 12, 2026
In recent years, multiple provinces in China have launched ‘retrospective’ enforcement campaigns, with some jurisdictions extending the look-back period to as far back as 13 years, attracting widespread attention from market participants and the international engineering community. This article reviews recent developments in China in regard to the enforcement and governance efforts taken to address collusive bidding, with a particular focus on practical approaches inspired by the Operational Guidelines for Preventing Collusive Bidding in Contractor Project Bidding, and further analyses the implications for bid-tendering risk management within engineering projects that are part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Released on Mar 11, 2026
Rapid technological change continues to challenge traditional legal and regulatory frameworks, often prompting reactive, technology-specific responses that struggle to remain effective over time. This article advances the idea of a constants-based regulatory framework, arguing that while technologies evolve, the foundational elements that require legal oversight, such as data flows, system architecture, accountability mechanisms, intermediaries and institutional responsibility, remain largely stable. By refocusing regulation on these enduring constants rather than transient technological forms, the article proposes a more resilient and adaptable approach to technology governance, capable of operating across sectors and jurisdictions, while maintaining legal certainty, regulatory coherence and public trust.
Released on Mar 10, 2026
As Colombia acts to link innovation with privacy, the issuance of a new circular has set the expectations for tech transfers involving personal data, which is reassuring in principle, uncertain in practice.
Released on Mar 10, 2026