This keynote will provide a focused overview of how emerging power-to-X technologies for hydrogen, sustainable aviation fuel, methanol and other e-fuels could reshape Europe’s decarbonization pathways, investment priorities, and regulatory frameworks. Drawing on insights from EU private practice, the speaker will address the current state of development, its alignment with the Union’s climate, energy security and industrial strategies, and the governance challenges that accompany early-stage deployment. The session will highlight what companies, investors, and policymakers should monitor as such technologies are deployed at industrial scale to become a key component of Europe’s sustainable energy mix.