In international arbitration, litigants commonly come from very different legal systems. When a French company retains counsel in the United States to initiate an international arbitration against a government or company in Asia, what evidentiary and procedural rules should govern the parties’ dispute? Most commonly, the answer is the Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration, issued by the International Bar Association (IBA). The IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence provides parties and arbitral tribunals from diverse legal backgrounds with uniform guidelines that seek to harmonise evidentiary and procedural principles of both civil law and common law jurisdictions so that the taking of evidence is fair, economical, and efficient.