Poverty eradication for sustainable social development in Pakistan
Sahar Iqbal
Akhund Forbes, Karachi
Introduction
Pakistan continues to reduce poverty amid a backdrop of economic uncertainty, natural calamities and global crises. Notwithstanding progress in poverty reduction, recent stagnation indicated by statistics underscores certain challenges, including the floods of 2022. Despite this volatility, Pakistan is pursuing a diversified strategy to poverty reduction and social development. Education reforms, healthcare expansion, infrastructure development and structural reforms are critical foundations in this endeavour. As the country works to overcome current difficulties and establish a path towards long-term growth, strategic initiatives provide glimmers of hope and promise.
Socioeconomic challenges
Pakistan has dealt with the issue of poverty and recent years have brought certain challenges, including economic uncertainty, natural disasters and a worldwide pandemic. Despite significant progress in poverty reduction between 2001 and 2018, including the expansion of off-farm employment options and increasing remittances, the country confronts ongoing socioeconomic issues. However, the most recent figures displayed by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 for Pakistan show the poverty rate remaining largely steady.
The floods of 2022 serve as a reminder of the vulnerability of Pakistan’s socioeconomic situation. Many were displaced, infrastructure and livelihoods were disrupted, and food prices increased. The government’s Post-Disaster Needs Assessment highlighted the costs of restoration and reconstruction, emphasising the need for coordinated action. Despite these hurdles, Pakistan has made progress towards macroeconomic stabilisation.
While the approval of a standby International Monetary Fund (IMF) arrangement provides some relief, ongoing reform initiatives are important for long-term stability and growth. Pakistan’s economic outlook shows modest growth predictions and slow poverty reduction efforts.
Development initiatives
In this context, a comprehensive strategy towards poverty reduction and social development is necessary. Pakistan has implemented a number of education reforms to improve access, quality and equity in the educational system. Initiatives such as the National Education Policy aim to increase enrolment, reduce gender inequities and improve educational quality through curriculum reforms, teacher training programmes and infrastructure development.
Furthermore, skill development efforts have attempted to provide individuals with workforce-relevant skills, consequently increasing employment and productivity. Programmes such as the Prime Minister’s Youth Skill Development Programme offer vocational training in a variety of industries to help young people find work. Moreover, efforts to extend healthcare infrastructure and services have enhanced access to quality care, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Initiatives like the Sehat Sahulat Programme in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have successfully provided health insurance coverage to underprivileged communities.
In addition, investment in infrastructure, such as roads, energy and water supply, is key for boosting economic growth, improving connectivity and raising living standards. Infrastructure projects like The Belt & Road Initiative aim to improve infrastructure development and economic connections while also creating job opportunities and encouraging inclusive growth. Lastly, structural reforms which improve the business environment, promote trade liberalisation and attract investment are critical to fostering economic resilience and unlocking development potential. Reforms in taxation, investment regulation and ease of doing business can also help to foster private sector development and economic diversification.
Conclusion
Pakistan’s endeavour for poverty reduction and social development unfolds amid global challenges yet underscores a resilient spirit. Pakistan is building a solid foundation for equitable prosperity and long-term progress through school reforms, healthcare expansions, infrastructure investment and structural reforms. The country remains committed to strategic solutions through the collaborative efforts of government, public society and international partners.