Committee publications
The NIS2 Directive in Bulgaria: telcos may face overlapping rules and be subject to multiple supervisory authorities
Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union, amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 and Directive (EU) 2018/1972, and repealing Directive (EU) 2016/1148, commonly referred to as the NIS2 Directive, was due to be transposed into law and applied in Bulgaria by 17 October 2024. However, delays in the transposition of the law have been observed across most EU Member States. As of June 2025, Bulgaria’s transposition of the NIS2 Directive remains in the final stage of the legislative process before the national Parliament.
Released on Jul 17, 2025
The e-communications framework in Ukraine: a general overview
This article examines the regulatory framework in Ukraine for the electronic communications sector, established by the Law on Electronic Communications and its primary goal of achieving harmonisation with European Union legislation. It highlights the key regulatory pillars applicable to the sector, including the principles of general authorisation for market entry, radio frequency spectrum management and enhanced end-user rights. The article also addresses the special regulatory regime under martial law, the sanctions framework and key future developments aimed at the market’s continued evolution.
Released on Jul 17, 2025
Legal and ethical challenges in AI-powered smart homes: protecting data, cybersecurity and promoting sustainable innovation in digital economies
AI-powered smart homes leverage IoT to promote sustainable living by optimising energy, security, and comfort. These systems manage resources, adapt to changing conditions, and anticipate future demands, decreasing waste and costs while supporting sustainable energy goals. Ghana's 2024 Digital Economy Policy incorporates ethical AI, data privacy, and cybersecurity, allowing authorities to defend rights and foster confidence.
Released on Jul 17, 2025
Preventing minors’ access to harmful content in Poland
Poland is working on new law aimed at guaranteeing the safety of minors on the internet, by increasing the responsibility of the providers of electronic services for the content published on their services.
Released on Jul 17, 2025
Digital platform regulatory reforms in Australia
After legislating to create the world’s first News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code in March 2021, Australia has moved very slowly in regard to introducing other digital platform-specific reforms. That may be about to change in 2025, as the Australian government progresses its consultation on a range of reforms.
Released on Jul 16, 2025
Japan’s emerging framework for responsible AI: legislation, guidelines and guidance
Japan is shaping a distinctive artificial intelligence (AI) governance model built on non-binding, yet strategic, instruments: a promotional act, practical business guidelines and evolving legal interpretations addressing generative AI. This layered approach balances innovation and accountability, while promoting international harmonisation.
Released on Jul 16, 2025
Luxembourg’s competitive edge: tax reforms to attract talent
Luxembourg continues to consolidate its position as a leading jurisdiction for wealth management and investment structuring, being notably the first fund centre in Europe and second only to the United States globally. This situation is underpinned by a series of legislative reforms, fiscal incentives and regulatory enhancements in the country. In this context, the Minister of Finance, Gilles Roth, has recently underscored the strategic imperative of leveraging current geopolitical and technological developments to reinforce Luxembourg’s global competitiveness.
Released on Jul 16, 2025
Alternative mechanisms for tax dispute resolution in Mexico: a strategic approach amid judicial uncertainty
This article analyses the recent evolution and strategic advantages of alternative mechanisms for tax dispute resolution in Mexico, otherwise known as Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Controversias (MASC), mutual agreement procedures (MAPs) and investment treaty arbitration, especially in the context of institutional uncertainty and weakened judicial independence.
Released on Jul 16, 2025
Reviving the stamp tax in Colombia: a step backwards?
This article examines the reinstatement of Colombia’s stamp tax in 2025, questioning whether reviving a historically inefficient and outdated tax is a sound response to a public emergency. It explores the tax’s origins, current scope and broader implications of the change in regard to fiscal policy and legal certainty.
Released on Jul 14, 2025
Cross-border credit assignments and withholding tax in Chile
This article analyses the Chilean tax implications of assigning monetary credits in cross-border transactions. It focuses on the treatment of accrued interest, the effects of the assignment itself and the tax consequences for Chilean assignees, based on the recent interpretation issued by the Chilean Internal Revenue Service (Servicio de Impuestos Internos or SII) in Ruling No 801 of 2024.
Released on Jul 14, 2025
Spain’s changing tax landscape for real estate: key developments and proposals
This article analyses recent and proposed changes to the Spanish real estate tax framework, with a particular focus on the measures implemented in Catalonia and a controversial nationwide draft bill. The key issues discussed include increased transfer taxes, value-added tax (VAT) adjustments and the implications for non-EU investors.
Released on Jul 14, 2025
Getting to Know the ERF – Lana Vukmirović Mišić
Get to know the European Regional Forum’s Vice Chair for South East Regional Group, Lana Vukmirović Mišić.
Released on Jul 14, 2025
ABC: AI, Big Data and crypto
This session at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference discussed the future of artificial intelligence and its role in the legal profession, the increased use of Big Data by tax administrations and the taxation of cryptocurrency.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Recent trends in M&A: the pursuit of capital and financing/restructuring
This panel at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference discussed different cross-border restructuring case studies, both from the inbound and outbound perspective, in terms of the jurisdictions represented by the panel members. A particular focus of the panel was on cross-border mergers, flip transactions and continuations.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Navigating the stormy seas caused by an onslaught of transfer pricing audits and evolving transfer pricing rubrics
This panel at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference discussed various topics related to transfer pricing audits and dispute resolution. The speakers elaborated on domestic case law and highlighted the recent trends in transfer pricing audits, including challenges in intra-group financing transactions, as well as assertions on embedded royalties by the respective tax authorities.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Trends in fund structuring: what do we really need to change?
This panel at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference discussed the latest trends in European and United States fund structures, and whether any changes to such structures are warranted in the future.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Spin-offs and demergers: trends and traps
This session at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference began by noting that the separation of businesses through the use of a demerger has been a trend in the United States in regard to multinational companies with multiple lines of business, due to the pressure from investors to simplify the business. Such separated businesses have either been made public or have been sold to third parties.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Holding companies: the state of play (2025)
This panel at the 14th Annual IBA Finance & Capital Markets Tax Conference discussed the current status of and developments regarding holding companies globally, with a focus on Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Released on Jul 11, 2025
Indian aviation takes off with Cape Town convention and GIFT
India's aviation sector has witnessed remarkable growth over the past decade, driven by a combination of economic expansion, rising disposable income, and a proactive policy environment. The country's aircraft fleet, which stood at approximately 800 aircraft, is projected to grow multifold within the next 20 years to meet increasing demand. Passenger traffic has surged in tandem, supported by the government's commitment to improving regional connectivity and expanding aviation infrastructure. Notably, the number of operational airports in India has more than doubled from 74 in 2014 to 159 in 2024.
Released on Jul 10, 2025
A win for aircraft lessors: Aer Lingus prevails against AAI in 27-year legal battle
The Honourable Bombay High Court’s (the ‘Bombay High Court’) ruling in the case of Airport Authority of India (AAI) v Aer Lingus Ltd and Others 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 1738 marks a pivotal moment in aviation liability disputes, clarifying the boundaries of contractual obligations and judicial accountability.
Released on Jul 10, 2025
Editorial – Dispute Resolution International – May 2025
Released on Jul 8, 2025
Inspirational legal women: a conversation with Carli Schickerling
An insightful discussion with Carli Schickerling
Released on Jul 3, 2025
Global war, global trade: a Global Employment Institute perspective
The short report offers key insights on global trends in human resources law, including the impact of global war and conflicts, trade, ESG and artificial intelligence.
Released on Jul 2, 2025
Over the horizon technologies and legal innovation: emerging use cases for India Inc
This article explores the impact of over the horizon technologies such as quantum computing and others, while highlighting the critical role of interdisciplinary legal innovation.
Released on Jun 24, 2025
Diversity data collection in India: how should employers tread in the current era?
Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) seems to be at an inflection point in the Far West with the three concepts having witnessed quite a roller coaster ride in the recent past. The legislative framework in India, however, remains unchanged in promoting diversity and ensuring anti-discrimination. Keeping this in mind, employers are often curious about their ability to legally collect diversity data from their employees in India. In this article, the authors explore the nuances of continuing to collect diversity data in India in the dynamic DEI space.
Released on Jun 20, 2025
Five years on from launch of the IBA Climate Statement, climate and sustainability-conscious lawyering is more critical than ever
In 2020, the International Bar Association (IBA) published its landmark Climate Crisis Statement (IBA Climate Statement), urging lawyers, acting in accordance with their professional conduct rules and the rule of law
Released on Jun 20, 2025
Guidelines on the use of generative AI in mediation
These guidelines were prepared by the IBA Mediation Committee, reflecting our commitment to exploring the role of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in mediation practice
Released on Jun 19, 2025
Mandatory data protection compliance in Turkey: VERBIS registration and enforcement actions
This article examines Turkey’s mandatory registration regime related to the Data Controllers’ Registry Information System, otherwise known as VERBIS, under the country’s Data Protection Law No 6698 (Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kanunu or KVKK), highlighting the escalating enforcement risks for global companies and the urgent need for the adoption of proactive legal compliance strategies.
Released on Jun 19, 2025
Sustainability disclosure obligations for issuers in Mexico
This article explores Mexico’s transition from voluntary environmental, social and governance practices to the requirement that mandatory sustainability disclosures are made by securities issuers, highlighting the legal shift towards alignment with the International Sustainability Standards Board’s IFRS S1 and S2 standards and the increasing regulatory demand for assurance and transparency in regard to corporate reporting; and including recommendations for entities to comply with these new reporting standards.
Released on Jun 18, 2025
Navigating emerging markets: the synergy between strategic intelligence and legal services
The integration of legal expertise with strategic intelligence represents a transformative approach to facilitating business success in emerging markets. The Strategic Intelligence Service in Indonesia exemplifies this innovation, offering a comprehensive solution that combines legal advice with real-time policy insights and government relations support. This article explores the development, methodology and impact of the Strategic Intelligence Service, with a particular focus on Indonesia, a jurisdiction characterised by its regulatory complexity and significant investment potential.
Released on Jun 18, 2025